Pregnancy & Alcohol Essays (1072 words) - Intelligence, RTT

Pregnancy & Alcohol SUBSTANCE USES AND PREGNANCY THE MULTIPLE WAYS OF DISSEMINATING INFORMATION January 1989 the results of a study conducted by Ann Pytkowicz Streissguth were published in the Journal of Developmental Psychology. The study investigated the relationship of maternal use of drugs, alcohol and/or cigarettes during pregnancy on the IQ of her child at the age of four years. Newsweek and Scientific News also print articles later that year reporting the effects of maternal use of alcohol and drugs on the infant. They also looked at the effects of cigarette smoke on the fetus. Although the articles dealt with the same topic using information reported in the original study they differed in how they presented that information to their readers. All three publications varied use of methodology, use of scientific findings, and the presentation of the conclusion to meet the informational needs of their audiences. IQ at Age 4 in Relationship Maternal Alcohol Use and Smoking during pregnancy was written by the group of researchers that group participated in a study lead by Ann Streissguth. This the original article is the actual research paper which was presented by the group. The paper tells how an original group of over fifteen hundred pregnant women was reduced to a select group of under five hundred. They explain how the condition of the infant at birth was not a factor in the study. It was their goal to define the long term effect of substance use during pregnancy. Further information shares how they followed the children in a longitudinal study at eight months, eighteen months, and four years. The group looked at a multitude of factors which included the toddlers learning abilities and the child's IQ at the age of four. Of the three articles this one relies most on the use of methodology, scientific findings and presentation conclusion. In their paper they use the standard method of repor ting research data. An abstract at the beginning of the paper gives a good summary of the content to follow. They present their hypothesis, do a literature review, define the group selection, explain the method of data collection, identify variables, analyze that data, present their results, discuss the findings and give references. As most research papers it counts heavily on use of numbers and scientific data to support any statement it makes about the subject. This is apparent in the use of many graphs and tables of data. The group concludes that use of such substance during pregnancy does have a long term effect on the child. The researchers warn that their study was limited and therefore should not be the rule. They advise Practitioners to caution Pregnant women not to take any chance with the unborn fetus. This is because of the effects that can occur with different amounts of consumption during various stages of pregnancy. Published in the Journal of Developmental Psychology the audience of the article would most likely be others in the field of Psychology or Medicine. Their need would be to know, in depth, all aspects of the study. Only with such complete information could they apply this knowledge in their practices. Therefore, this format would be the expectation of those readers. The Science News article reaches a broader group of professionals in related fields of science. Drinking While Pregnant Risks Child's IQ was written by B. Bower. The author reports on the same study described in the first article. This article was short and simple. It was written to inform it's readers that the study existed and brief them on its findings. Bower includes enough data to discuss the validity of the study but relies more on a verbal explanation of the outcome to convey the message. Using an informative approach Bower did not draw any conclusion, but merely related the findings of the study. However by including the studies source of original publication Bower allows the inquisitive reader to seek more information if they want. C. Leerhsen and E. Schaefer were coauthors of an article in Newsweek titled Pregnancy + Alcohol = Problems. This article was obviously written for the public to understand. The use of story telling at the beginning is to grab the reader's attention. The authors explored literature dating back to

Home Sweet Home essays

Home Sweet Home essays Home Sweet Home by Winslow Homer depicts the scene inside a lively camp before the Union Army goes into battle; the makeshift tents that provide the only shelter at night, the stale hardtack by the fire, the hot tea boiling over the flames, the coarse fabric hanging in the sun to dry, the soldiers gear lying where it had been left the night before, the smell of soiled boots drying in preparation for combat and the sound of Union band playing patriotic tunes such as Battle Hymn of the Republic and "When Sherman Marched Down to the Sea (1). Directly across the Rappahannock River, which is faintly visible in the background, lies the Confederate Army as they too are enjoying their last few hours before battle; cooking dinner over small fires, sharing memories of less trying times and surely trying to drown out the Unions patriotic songs with their own such as When Johnny Comes Marching Home and Dixie, The Land of King Cotton (2) (3). However, the true meaning of Home Sweet Home lies in the middle of the Union camp with the two soldiers (6) dressed in blue. Both are in such deep thought, as if their immediate surroundings are suppressed by the memories of long forgotten feelings; fresh cornbread cooking in the stove, cherished laughter of children playing in the backyard, the comfort of sitting in a rocking chair by the warm fire, or maybe even chime of the grandfather clock reminding them that they are in the safety of home (4) (5). Time appears to have no bearing on the two Union soldiers (6) as they sit lost in thought. The painting suggests this moment of reminiscence was brought upon the two men (6) by the opened letter on the sitting soldiers lap. The picture offers no clues as to whom the letter is from, but it doesnt matter. A letter from anyone dear before a gamble with death catches a person off guard with bittersweet recollections, rem...

The German, Austrian, and Swiss National Anthems

The German, Austrian, and Swiss National Anthems The melody of the German national anthem comes from the old Austrian imperial anthem â€Å"Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser† (â€Å"God Save Franz the Emperor†) by Franz Joseph Haydn  (1732-1809), which was first played on February 12, 1797. In 1841 Haydns melody was combined with with lyrics by August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben  Ã‚  (1798-1874) to create â€Å"Das Lied der Deutschen† or â€Å"Das Deutschlandlied.† From the time of Bismarcks Prussia (1871) up to the end of the First World War this anthem was replaced by another. In 1922 the first president of the German Republic (the â€Å"Weimar Republic†), Friedrich Ebert, officially introduced â€Å"Das Lied der Deutschen† as the national anthem. During the 12 years of the Nazi era, the first stanza was the official anthem. In May 1952 the third stanza was proclaimed the official anthem of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) by President Theodor Heuss. (East Germany had its own anthem.) The second verse, while never  verboten (forbidden), was not very popular because of its â€Å"wine, women, and song† references. The fourth verse was written by Albert Matthi during the French occupation of the Ruhr region in 1923. It is not part of the anthem today. Since 1952, only the third (â€Å"Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit†) verse has been the official anthem. Das Lied der Deutschen Song of the Germans German Lyrics Literal English Translation Deutschland, Deutschland ber alles, Germany, Germany above all, ber alles in der Welt, Above everything in the world, Wenn es stets zu Schutz und Trutze When always, for protection, Brderlich zusammenhlt, We stand together as brothers. Von der Maas bis an die Memel, From the Maas to the Memel Von der Etsch bis an den Belt - From the Etsch to the Belt - Deutschland, Deutschland ber alles, Germany, Germany above all ber alles in der Welt. Above all in the world. Deutsche Frauen, deutsche Treue, German women, German loyalty, Deutscher Wein und deutscher Sang German wine and German song, Sollen in der Welt behalten Shall retain in the world, Ihren alten schnen Klang, Their old lovely ring Uns zu edler Tat begeistern To inspire us to noble deeds Unser ganzes Leben lang. Our whole life long. Deutsche Frauen, deutsche Treue, German women, German loyalty, Deutscher Wein und deutscher Sang German wine and German song. Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit Unity and law and freedom fr das deutsche Vaterland! For the German Fatherland Danach lasst uns alle streben Let us all strive for that Brderlich mit Herz und Hand! In brotherhood with heart and hand! Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit Unity and law and freedom Sind des Glckes Unterpfand; Are the foundation for happiness Blh im Glanze dieses Glckes, Bloom in the glow of happiness Blhe, deutsches Vaterland. Bloom, German Fatherland. Deutschland, Deutschland ber alles,* Germany, Germany above all* Und im Unglck nun erst recht. And in misfortune all the more. Nur im Unglck kann die Liebe Only in misfortune can love Zeigen, ob sie stark und echt. Show if its strong and true. Und so soll es weiterklingen And so it should ring out Von Geschlechte zu Geschlecht: From generation to generation: Deutschland, Deutschland ber alles, Germany, Germany above all, Und im Unglck nun erst recht. And in misfortune all the more. Listen to  the  Melody: Lied der Deutschen  or to the the  Deutschlandlied  (orchestral version. Austrian National Anthem: Land der Berge The national anthem (Bundeshymne) of the  Republik Ãâ€"sterreich  (Republic of Austria) was officially adopted on February 25, 1947, following a contest to find a replacement for the former imperial anthem by Haydn that had been appropriated by Germany in 1922 and now also had Nazi associations. The composer of the melody is not certain, but its origin goes back to 1791, when it was created for the freemason lodge to which both Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Johann Holzer (1753-1818) belonged. Current theory says that either Mozart or Holzer could have composed the melody. The lyrics were written by Paula von Preradovic (1887-1951), the winner of the 1947 competition. Preradovic was the mother of the Austrian Minister of Education, Felix Hurdes, who had encouraged her (a distinguished writer and poet) to enter the contest.   The  Swiss National Anthem (Die Schweizer Nationalhymne) The Swiss national anthem has a unique history that reflects the  nature of Switzerland itself. Switzerland (die Schweiz) may be an old country, but its current national anthem has only been official since 1981. Although the Schweizer Landeshymne or Landeshymne was tentatively approved by the Swiss Nationalrat in 1961 and was in general use after 1965, the anthem did not actually become official for another 20 years (April 1, 1981). The anthem itself, originally known as the Schweizerpsalm, is much older. In 1841 the priest and composer Alberik Zwyssig of Urn was asked to compose music for a patriotic poem written by his friend, Zurich music publisher Leonhard Widmer. He used a hymn that he had already composed, and adapted it for Widmers words. The result was the Schweizerpsalm, which soon became popular in parts of Switzerland. But some Swiss cantons, such as French-speaking Neuchatel, had their own anthems. Efforts to select an official Swiss national anthem (to replace an old one that used the British God Save the Queen/King melody) ran up against the countrys five languages and strong regional identities until 1981.

Building construction technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Building construction technology - Essay Example 9 1.0 Introduction This report provides the details of the High Street Plaza Shopping Centre construction. It is located in Towoomba, Queensland, Australia. It will cover the start of the construction until its present condition and information includes when the structure was being built and provides a review of the construction methods, material used, and processes undertaken at that period. This is seen a redevelopment project, and viewed as an important milestone. Constructions are seen as part of economic growth; hence, the new structural design does not only include aesthetic enhancement but also integrates a more comprehensive planning in order to maximize the space into a more useful, long-term multipurpose recreation center that will able to cater more consumers or clienteles. The redevelopment project construction had quite started during the gathering of information and data for this report. In fact the basement of the shopping center was already built and some shoring had been completed. Polishing and work detailing during that period has not been collected due to un-availability. The main purpose of the writer of this report for requesting the hard copy of the complete detail of the program of works is to have a basis for the final review of the construction methods, materials and other issues. Lack of document, however, does not affect the report because the writer provides a thorough assessment through direct interview with the people involved in the project development and construction. Regular visit for on-site observation was also conducted in order to collect all relevant and important issues pertaining to the project. This report seeks to give details on the key issues related to building construction. Particularly, this report will be focused on the redevelopment construction of the High Street Plaza Shopping Center. The report will contain the pre-construction concerns and how they were handled, construction methodology – of structur es that are in place as well as some predictions of the structures yet to be built, materials – that had and were planned to be used to the extent known, and construction practices and future projections of the impact on the local community from an individual, governmental and business perspective. The retail shopping center was built in 1974 and has undergone several revamps since 1979 up to 1997. In an effort to upgrade the retail facilities in the area, a total renovation of almost the entire center was started in 2010. The redevelopment project construction which took seven years planning approximately costs 15 million Australian dollars. It is administered by shopping center owner and J.M Kelly Group director Jim Kelly. The new shopping centre will provide local and national retailers with a state-of-the-art facility strategically located to attract customers from varied demographic groups. The retail development is anchored by Cornett’s Supa IGA, BP Service Stati on, Blockbuster and other 22 new retail tenancies. As it has been mentioned, the

Analysing the organisational approach to segmentation,targeting and Assignment

Analysing the organisational approach to segmentation,targeting and positioning - Assignment Example Procter and Gamble also acknowledged as P&G is one of the leading packaged product providers in the world. The company operates globally and offers a variety of products under different brand names. Furthermore, in the highly dynamic business environment, marketing strategy is considered to be a crucial determinant for attaining competitive advantage and for gaining profitability with the aim of surviving at the marketplace. Thus, this paper consists of critical strategic analysis of P&G related with market segmentation, target market and positioning followed in different geographical regions.Procter and Gamble, popularly known as P&G is the one of the leading consumer packaged products company. The company’s annual sales turnover is nearly US$84 billion with annual net earnings exceeding US$10billion. It has also established a brand portfolio of about US$25 billion. Additionally, the company offers a wide range of products which include household care products, grooming produ cts, personal healthcare products and beauty products among others (Procter & Gamble, 2012). The company operates its business in almost all the continents across the world. Evidently, it operates in 180 countries located in different continents. The company offers its products through grocery stores, membership club stores, discount stores and through merchandisers. Moreover, the company employs in excess of 110000 employees globally. From the critical perspective, it has been identified that markets in which P&G operate are highly competitive due to the presence of global and local competitors. Despite high competition faced by the company, it has been able to sustain its business profitability and to establish itself as one of the renowned brands across the world. It is worth mentioning that the company’s primary mission and purpose is to offer superior quality branded products and services that significantly contribute towards improving the lives of its worldwide spread c ustomers. Over the period of time, the company has prospered dramatically and is continuously able to improve its overall performance and thereby increase it revenue earnings capability. With due consideration to the above recognized facts, the paper intends to critically analyze P&G’s approach to segmentation, targeting and positioning. Furthermore, this paper entails certain valuable recommendations for the company so that it is able upheld its existing market dominance and superiority along with focusing on offering quality products to its long-list of trusted consumers. Market Segmentation Strategy It has been critically observed that as a key strategic differentiator from its close competitors, the company offers a wide range of products to its globally dispersed customer base. In general, the company’s business strategies are fundamentally focused on outsized scale operations, product innovation and development along with strong product branding in order to seek greater competitive advantages. The company’s strategy is continuously directed towards innovating new products and selling these products to its diverse assortment customers in order to attain sustainability and constant growth. Moreover, the company has made considerable investments worldwide and has significantly involved in joint ventures, acquisitions along with establishing alliances to enlarge their business operations and market reach (Graul & et. al., 2006). Additionally, the company operates under three major global business units namely P&G Household Care, P&G Family Health and P&G Beauty. Correspondingly, these global business units of the company are primarily separated into five major divisions which include Healthcare, Snacks and Coffee, Fabric Care, Baby and Family, P&G Beauty and Home Care (Graul & et.

Symbolism and Allegory in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

Symbolism and Allegory in Hawthorne's Young Goodman Brown Symbolism, something that figuratively represents something else, is prominent in many literary works. One piece of literature that stands out as a perfect example of symbolism is Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown." This story is completely symbolic, and provides a good example of an allegory, or a story in which concrete items or characters represent abstract ideas. Hawthorne uses both objects and people as symbols to better support the allegorical tones throughout "Young Goodman Brown." Nathaniel Hawthorne uses different people as symbols throughout "Young Goodman Brown." The largest symbolic roles in the story are goodman Brown and his wife Faith. Both of the characters' names are symbolic and representative of their personalities. "'With Heaven above and Faith below, I will stand firm against the devil!' cried goodman Brown," is just one of many quotes that directly relates goodman Brown's personality with his name (189). Goodman Brown is truly a good man. Faith, goodman Brown's wife, also has a name that is indicative of her nature. The story directly supports this point in the phrase "Faith, as the wife was aptly named . . . " (184). Faith is persistent in trying to keep goodman Brown off the path of sin in the first part of the story: " . . . pr'y thee, put off your journey until sunrise, and sleep in your own bed to-night" (184). Hawthorne does an excellent job of turning the main characters into symbols that are prominent throughout the story. Nathaniel Hawthorne also uses different objects in the story as symbols. One of these is the staff of the devil : "But the only thing about him, that could be fixed upon as remarkable, was his staff, which bore the likeness of a great black snake . . ." (185). This symbol shows the reader the evil that is involved with the devil character because the serpent is an archetype of the devil, or some sort of evil, which is prominent in many different cultures. Another object Hawthorne uses as a recurring symbol is the pink ribbon. The pink ribbon symbolizes the purity and innocence involved with Faith. "And Faith . . . thrust her own pretty had into the street, letting the wind play with the pink ribbons in her cap," is a great example of how Hawthorne correlates Faith with the pink ribbons of innocence (184).

Equal participation of women in all fields Essay

If you are educating a women, you are educating a whole family. In today’s world equal participation of women in all fields has become very important. Now we cannot say that women can’t do anything that the men can do and in such a world where women can do whatever they want to. Nobody can stop them. For example today’s women are joining army,taking part in business, stock markets and what not and the most amazing thing about women are that they are multitalented BUT SOME PEOPLE DO NOT ALLOW WOMEN TO PROGRESS AND VIOLET THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS. SUCH PEOPLE HAVE NARROW THINKING. Liberation OF WOMEN HAS TAKEN A LOT OF TIME BUT IT IS NOT COMPLETED. As per the statistics data, Literacy rate increased from 8% to 55% from 1971 to 2001, work & employment increased from 14% to 40% In administrative and political area only 10 -12%. Only 3% of Judges are women This is not enough. What is hindering equal opportunity? Managing home and work   Social Evils . Ignorance or Lack of Awareness & Safety What is the solution? Education, Empowerment and Enforcement. Develop from childhood .Introduce stringent laws and enforcement Provide Better Transport and Working conditions Women play a critical role in the overall progress of a country as they constitute half the human resources of a nation. The economic wealth of a country is seriously depleted if about half of the nation’s human resource is neglected .